Source: China Food and Drug Administration website

　　When we see the drug instructions, it is like getting the "ID card" of the drug. The first item is the drug name, which includes the generic name (Chinese characters, pinyin, English), product name and chemical name, just like a person has an official name , Nickname and pen name are the same. Next is the photo of the medicine-the structure of the medicine. The structure determines all the intrinsic properties of the medicine. The structural formula is different like changing the photo. The "ID" is not the person. Drugs also have an ID number-[Approval Number], which is unique and can be verified on the website of the Food and Drug Administration. If there is no approval number or the number does not match, you can make a counterfeit drug complaint.

　　The generic name of a drug is a drug name that must be used by different manufacturers. In other words, a drug with the same generic name on the market will be produced by multiple manufacturers. For example, there are 96 manufacturers of azithromycin tablets approved by the country, and 126 manufacturers of azithromycin for injection, but the product names are different. In our daily life, when we buy over-the-counter drugs, just looking at the product name can easily lead to repeated medications. This requires careful comparison of the chemical names and structural formulas of the drugs. Drugs with the same chemical name and structure are like "clones", which determine that the drugs have the same drugs. Efficacy, pharmacology and toxicology.

　　Why do many similar drugs have similar generic names? For example, antibacterial drugs cephalosporins: Cefazolin, Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime and Ceftaroline, etc., carefully compare the structural formulas, they have A basically the same structure, but different in different branches, drugs of the same family and the same family should be taken with caution to avoid side effects and increased drug resistance.

　　I learned about the "identity card" of medicines. It turned out to be a lot easier to understand by looking at the obscure names and terms, which can give us many useful reminders and warnings.

　　How to read the package insert 2　Is it necessary for the patient to read the package insert?

　　Source: China Food and Drug Administration website

　　The drug insert is an important reference approved by the State Food and Drug Administration to guide doctors and patients in the selection and use of drugs. It is also an important basis for ensuring drug safety and is a document with medical and legal significance. Do not read or read the drug insert before taking the medicine, which will bring hidden dangers to safe medication. Please pay attention to the following points when reading the drug insert:

　　(1) See the name of the drug: Sometimes a drug has multiple drug names, such as generic names, trade names, aliases, etc. The generic name of a drug is the legal name adopted by the National Pharmacopoeia, which can only be used no matter which manufacturer produces the same drug. Trade names are proprietary drug names protected by law through registration by pharmaceutical companies. As long as the patient finds out the generic name of the drug, he can avoid repeated medication, because a drug has only one generic name.

　　(2) Master indications: indications refer to which diseases the medicine is suitable for. We must pay attention to the indications of medicines. Only by prescribing the right medicine can we achieve the purpose of curing diseases.

　　(3) The usage and dosage of drugs is critical: different drugs are required to be taken before, after, or during meals. Before a meal refers to half an hour before a meal, and after a meal refers to 15 to 30 minutes after a meal. Taking the meal during a meal refers to taking the medication at the same time as the meal. Taking the medication in accordance with the regulations is beneficial to the absorption of the drug and avoiding adverse reactions. The dosage of the medicine should be different according to the age. Most of the dosage in the instructions is for adults. Elderly people over 60 usually use 3/4 of the adult dosage. The dosage for children is less than that for adults. It can be calculated according to the adult dosage according to age, or calculated according to body weight or body surface area.

　　(4) Pay attention to the contraindications and precautions in the instructions.

　　(5) Take the adverse drug reactions seriously: The adverse reactions listed on the drug instructions do not happen to everyone, and the incidence is generally very low. The occurrence of adverse drug reactions is related to many factors, such as physical condition, age, genetic factors, and alcohol consumption. Don’t dare to take the medicine if you see a series of adverse reactions listed in the instructions. If there are adverse reactions while taking the medicine, and you need to continue the treatment, you can observe the treatment while you are treating, and consult the doctor and pharmacist at the same time. Stop the medication and go to the hospital for treatment.

　　How to read the drug insert 3　How did the drug insert come from

　　Source: China Food and Drug Administration website

　　For drugs, the drug insert is like a person’s "birth certificate", which is carried with you when the drug is marketed, and contains the most basic and important information of the drug. To teach patients how to better, faster, and more accurately read the drug instructions, let's start with how the drug "birth certificate" is generated.

　　First of all, just as the birth medical certificate is a valid legal certificate for a baby, the drug insert is proposed by the applicant (drug manufacturer or researcher) during drug registration, and has legal effect after review and approval by the State Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). The document is the basis for post-marketing drug use.

　　1. "Name"

　　Under the item of [Drug Name] in the drug insert, it includes the generic name, product name, English name and Chinese pinyin. Generic name is the legal name of the drug, which can be used all over the world, and the product name is the registered product name (brand name) of the manufacturer or enterprise. If the generic name is compared to the "scientific name" (such as fluoxetine hydrochloride, antidepressant), then the product name is like the nickname given to the child by the company (such as the product name "Baiyoujie").

　　In addition, we can also discover the little secrets of drug attributes through the generic name of the drug. For example, drugs with a suffix of "statin" (such as lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, atorvastatin, etc.) belong to the statin category The drug family has the effect of lowering blood lipids, but like brothers in the same family, there are differences between them.

　　2. "Innerness" and "Appearance"

　　The drug manufacturer needs to confirm through experiments and indicate the chemical information of the drug and the composition of the traditional Chinese medicine in the [Ingredients] item in the drug insert. Especially when patients take multiple drugs at the same time, they need to pay attention to the "information" information, which can avoid Repeat the medication. And [Properties] describes the "appearance" and "odor" of the drug. The comparison between the actual drug and the properties in the instructions can be used as a basis for judging the authenticity of the drug and whether it has deteriorated.

　　3. "Performance Test"

　　[Functions and Indications]/[Indications], [Usage and Dosage], [Adverse Reactions], [Contraindications], [Precautions], [Interactions], [Clinical Trials], [Pharmacology and Toxicology], [Drugs The content of pharmacokinetics], etc. is a series of pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, Important scientific data and conclusions on the safety and effectiveness of drugs obtained from biopharmaceuticals, drug clinical trials, and post-marketing monitoring.

　　[Functions and Indications]/[Indications] Tell us what medicine can be used for, what kind of disease it can treat or which symptoms can be relieved, it has "specialty", and [Pharmacology and Toxicology] explains why medicines "why "The mechanism that can produce these effects.

　　[Usage and Dosage] refers to "how to use and how much", while [pharmacokinetics] is to indicate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug in the body, providing more detailed information on the "why" of the drug. Experimental basis.

　　[Adverse Reactions] As the saying goes, "a drug is three-point poison", just like a person will always have shortcomings. Adverse reactions refer to the possibility of adverse reactions that are not related to the purpose of treatment under the premise of correct use of drugs. .

　　[Taboo] item is to avoid the harm caused by drug use to the human body, clearly telling everyone who can't use it and what can't be done; [Caution] is to remind us of the content that we need to pay attention to when using drugs.

　　Generally speaking, the drug insert mainly covers the above content. Writing a good medicine insert is not an easy task. First of all, the drug insert is researched, not "written". Every sentence in the drug insert must be supported by scientific data. Secondly, the "elegance" and "vulgarity" of the drug insert are very difficult to grasp. The writing is too professional, and the average patient cannot understand it; writing too popular is often inaccurate. This is a headache for drug R&D and regulators all over the world. Some take two versions, the professional version for doctors and the popular version for patients. Again, the drug insert is not static. With the deepening of research and the improvement of people's cognitive level, it should be revised and improved continuously. With the improvement of my country's drug research and development level and the enhancement of drug regulatory capabilities, the food and drug regulatory authorities will actively explore, standardize and improve the approval and revision of drug inserts to better serve doctors and patients.

　　The insert sheet is an important basis for guiding the correct clinical use of drugs, and plays an important role in the safe and reasonable use of drugs.

　　How to read the drug insert 4　Why does a drug have multiple names?